aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/crypto/jitterentropy.c
blob: 6e147c43fc186c2c540c6a23c8b995c1da413c2d (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
/*
 * Non-physical true random number generator based on timing jitter --
 * Jitter RNG standalone code.
 *
 * Copyright Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>, 2015 - 2020
 *
 * Design
 * ======
 *
 * See https://www.chronox.de/jent.html
 *
 * License
 * =======
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, and the entire permission notice in its entirety,
 *    including the disclaimer of warranties.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
 *    products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * ALTERNATIVELY, this product may be distributed under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License, in which case the provisions of the GPL2 are
 * required INSTEAD OF the above restrictions.  (This clause is
 * necessary due to a potential bad interaction between the GPL and
 * the restrictions contained in a BSD-style copyright.)
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ALL OF
 * WHICH ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
 * OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
 * BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
 * USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
 * DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * This Jitterentropy RNG is based on the jitterentropy library
 * version 2.2.0 provided at https://www.chronox.de/jent.html
 */

#ifdef __OPTIMIZE__
 #error "The CPU Jitter random number generator must not be compiled with optimizations. See documentation. Use the compiler switch -O0 for compiling jitterentropy.c."
#endif

typedef	unsigned long long	__u64;
typedef	long long		__s64;
typedef	unsigned int		__u32;
#define NULL    ((void *) 0)

/* The entropy pool */
struct rand_data {
	/* all data values that are vital to maintain the security
	 * of the RNG are marked as SENSITIVE. A user must not
	 * access that information while the RNG executes its loops to
	 * calculate the next random value. */
	__u64 data;		/* SENSITIVE Actual random number */
	__u64 old_data;		/* SENSITIVE Previous random number */
	__u64 prev_time;	/* SENSITIVE Previous time stamp */
#define DATA_SIZE_BITS ((sizeof(__u64)) * 8)
	__u64 last_delta;	/* SENSITIVE stuck test */
	__s64 last_delta2;	/* SENSITIVE stuck test */
	unsigned int osr;	/* Oversample rate */
#define JENT_MEMORY_BLOCKS 64
#define JENT_MEMORY_BLOCKSIZE 32
#define JENT_MEMORY_ACCESSLOOPS 128
#define JENT_MEMORY_SIZE (JENT_MEMORY_BLOCKS*JENT_MEMORY_BLOCKSIZE)
	unsigned char *mem;	/* Memory access location with size of
				 * memblocks * memblocksize */
	unsigned int memlocation; /* Pointer to byte in *mem */
	unsigned int memblocks;	/* Number of memory blocks in *mem */
	unsigned int memblocksize; /* Size of one memory block in bytes */
	unsigned int memaccessloops; /* Number of memory accesses per random
				      * bit generation */

	/* Repetition Count Test */
	int rct_count;			/* Number of stuck values */

	/* Adaptive Proportion Test for a significance level of 2^-30 */
#define JENT_APT_CUTOFF		325	/* Taken from SP800-90B sec 4.4.2 */
#define JENT_APT_WINDOW_SIZE	512	/* Data window size */
	/* LSB of time stamp to process */
#define JENT_APT_LSB		16
#define JENT_APT_WORD_MASK	(JENT_APT_LSB - 1)
	unsigned int apt_observations;	/* Number of collected observations */
	unsigned int apt_count;		/* APT counter */
	unsigned int apt_base;		/* APT base reference */
	unsigned int apt_base_set:1;	/* APT base reference set? */

	unsigned int health_failure:1;	/* Permanent health failure */
};

/* Flags that can be used to initialize the RNG */
#define JENT_DISABLE_MEMORY_ACCESS (1<<2) /* Disable memory access for more
					   * entropy, saves MEMORY_SIZE RAM for
					   * entropy collector */

/* -- error codes for init function -- */
#define JENT_ENOTIME		1 /* Timer service not available */
#define JENT_ECOARSETIME	2 /* Timer too coarse for RNG */
#define JENT_ENOMONOTONIC	3 /* Timer is not monotonic increasing */
#define JENT_EVARVAR		5 /* Timer does not produce variations of
				   * variations (2nd derivation of time is
				   * zero). */
#define JENT_ESTUCK		8 /* Too many stuck results during init. */
#define JENT_EHEALTH		9 /* Health test failed during initialization */
#define JENT_ERCT		10 /* RCT failed during initialization */

#include "jitterentropy.h"

/***************************************************************************
 * Adaptive Proportion Test
 *
 * This test complies with SP800-90B section 4.4.2.
 ***************************************************************************/

/**
 * Reset the APT counter
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 */
static void jent_apt_reset(struct rand_data *ec, unsigned int delta_masked)
{
	/* Reset APT counter */
	ec->apt_count = 0;
	ec->apt_base = delta_masked;
	ec->apt_observations = 0;
}

/**
 * Insert a new entropy event into APT
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 * @delta_masked [in] Masked time delta to process
 */
static void jent_apt_insert(struct rand_data *ec, unsigned int delta_masked)
{
	/* Initialize the base reference */
	if (!ec->apt_base_set) {
		ec->apt_base = delta_masked;
		ec->apt_base_set = 1;
		return;
	}

	if (delta_masked == ec->apt_base) {
		ec->apt_count++;

		if (ec->apt_count >= JENT_APT_CUTOFF)
			ec->health_failure = 1;
	}

	ec->apt_observations++;

	if (ec->apt_observations >= JENT_APT_WINDOW_SIZE)
		jent_apt_reset(ec, delta_masked);
}

/***************************************************************************
 * Stuck Test and its use as Repetition Count Test
 *
 * The Jitter RNG uses an enhanced version of the Repetition Count Test
 * (RCT) specified in SP800-90B section 4.4.1. Instead of counting identical
 * back-to-back values, the input to the RCT is the counting of the stuck
 * values during the generation of one Jitter RNG output block.
 *
 * The RCT is applied with an alpha of 2^{-30} compliant to FIPS 140-2 IG 9.8.
 *
 * During the counting operation, the Jitter RNG always calculates the RCT
 * cut-off value of C. If that value exceeds the allowed cut-off value,
 * the Jitter RNG output block will be calculated completely but discarded at
 * the end. The caller of the Jitter RNG is informed with an error code.
 ***************************************************************************/

/**
 * Repetition Count Test as defined in SP800-90B section 4.4.1
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 * @stuck [in] Indicator whether the value is stuck
 */
static void jent_rct_insert(struct rand_data *ec, int stuck)
{
	/*
	 * If we have a count less than zero, a previous RCT round identified
	 * a failure. We will not overwrite it.
	 */
	if (ec->rct_count < 0)
		return;

	if (stuck) {
		ec->rct_count++;

		/*
		 * The cutoff value is based on the following consideration:
		 * alpha = 2^-30 as recommended in FIPS 140-2 IG 9.8.
		 * In addition, we require an entropy value H of 1/OSR as this
		 * is the minimum entropy required to provide full entropy.
		 * Note, we collect 64 * OSR deltas for inserting them into
		 * the entropy pool which should then have (close to) 64 bits
		 * of entropy.
		 *
		 * Note, ec->rct_count (which equals to value B in the pseudo
		 * code of SP800-90B section 4.4.1) starts with zero. Hence
		 * we need to subtract one from the cutoff value as calculated
		 * following SP800-90B.
		 */
		if ((unsigned int)ec->rct_count >= (31 * ec->osr)) {
			ec->rct_count = -1;
			ec->health_failure = 1;
		}
	} else {
		ec->rct_count = 0;
	}
}

/**
 * Is there an RCT health test failure?
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 *
 * @return
 * 	0 No health test failure
 * 	1 Permanent health test failure
 */
static int jent_rct_failure(struct rand_data *ec)
{
	if (ec->rct_count < 0)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static inline __u64 jent_delta(__u64 prev, __u64 next)
{
#define JENT_UINT64_MAX		(__u64)(~((__u64) 0))
	return (prev < next) ? (next - prev) :
			       (JENT_UINT64_MAX - prev + 1 + next);
}

/**
 * Stuck test by checking the:
 * 	1st derivative of the jitter measurement (time delta)
 * 	2nd derivative of the jitter measurement (delta of time deltas)
 * 	3rd derivative of the jitter measurement (delta of delta of time deltas)
 *
 * All values must always be non-zero.
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 * @current_delta [in] Jitter time delta
 *
 * @return
 * 	0 jitter measurement not stuck (good bit)
 * 	1 jitter measurement stuck (reject bit)
 */
static int jent_stuck(struct rand_data *ec, __u64 current_delta)
{
	__u64 delta2 = jent_delta(ec->last_delta, current_delta);
	__u64 delta3 = jent_delta(ec->last_delta2, delta2);
	unsigned int delta_masked = current_delta & JENT_APT_WORD_MASK;

	ec->last_delta = current_delta;
	ec->last_delta2 = delta2;

	/*
	 * Insert the result of the comparison of two back-to-back time
	 * deltas.
	 */
	jent_apt_insert(ec, delta_masked);

	if (!current_delta || !delta2 || !delta3) {
		/* RCT with a stuck bit */
		jent_rct_insert(ec, 1);
		return 1;
	}

	/* RCT with a non-stuck bit */
	jent_rct_insert(ec, 0);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * Report any health test failures
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 *
 * @return
 * 	0 No health test failure
 * 	1 Permanent health test failure
 */
static int jent_health_failure(struct rand_data *ec)
{
	/* Test is only enabled in FIPS mode */
	if (!jent_fips_enabled())
		return 0;

	return ec->health_failure;
}

/***************************************************************************
 * Noise sources
 ***************************************************************************/

/**
 * Update of the loop count used for the next round of
 * an entropy collection.
 *
 * Input:
 * @ec entropy collector struct -- may be NULL
 * @bits is the number of low bits of the timer to consider
 * @min is the number of bits we shift the timer value to the right at
 *	the end to make sure we have a guaranteed minimum value
 *
 * @return Newly calculated loop counter
 */
static __u64 jent_loop_shuffle(struct rand_data *ec,
			       unsigned int bits, unsigned int min)
{
	__u64 time = 0;
	__u64 shuffle = 0;
	unsigned int i = 0;
	unsigned int mask = (1<<bits) - 1;

	jent_get_nstime(&time);
	/*
	 * Mix the current state of the random number into the shuffle
	 * calculation to balance that shuffle a bit more.
	 */
	if (ec)
		time ^= ec->data;
	/*
	 * We fold the time value as much as possible to ensure that as many
	 * bits of the time stamp are included as possible.
	 */
	for (i = 0; ((DATA_SIZE_BITS + bits - 1) / bits) > i; i++) {
		shuffle ^= time & mask;
		time = time >> bits;
	}

	/*
	 * We add a lower boundary value to ensure we have a minimum
	 * RNG loop count.
	 */
	return (shuffle + (1<<min));
}

/**
 * CPU Jitter noise source -- this is the noise source based on the CPU
 *			      execution time jitter
 *
 * This function injects the individual bits of the time value into the
 * entropy pool using an LFSR.
 *
 * The code is deliberately inefficient with respect to the bit shifting
 * and shall stay that way. This function is the root cause why the code
 * shall be compiled without optimization. This function not only acts as
 * folding operation, but this function's execution is used to measure
 * the CPU execution time jitter. Any change to the loop in this function
 * implies that careful retesting must be done.
 *
 * @ec [in] entropy collector struct
 * @time [in] time stamp to be injected
 * @loop_cnt [in] if a value not equal to 0 is set, use the given value as
 *		  number of loops to perform the folding
 * @stuck [in] Is the time stamp identified as stuck?
 *
 * Output:
 * updated ec->data
 *
 * @return Number of loops the folding operation is performed
 */
static void jent_lfsr_time(struct rand_data *ec, __u64 time, __u64 loop_cnt,
			   int stuck)
{
	unsigned int i;
	__u64 j = 0;
	__u64 new = 0;
#define MAX_FOLD_LOOP_BIT 4
#define MIN_FOLD_LOOP_BIT 0
	__u64 fold_loop_cnt =
		jent_loop_shuffle(ec, MAX_FOLD_LOOP_BIT, MIN_FOLD_LOOP_BIT);

	/*
	 * testing purposes -- allow test app to set the counter, not
	 * needed during runtime
	 */
	if (loop_cnt)
		fold_loop_cnt = loop_cnt;
	for (j = 0; j < fold_loop_cnt; j++) {
		new = ec->data;
		for (i = 1; (DATA_SIZE_BITS) >= i; i++) {
			__u64 tmp = time << (DATA_SIZE_BITS - i);

			tmp = tmp >> (DATA_SIZE_BITS - 1);

			/*
			* Fibonacci LSFR with polynomial of
			*  x^64 + x^61 + x^56 + x^31 + x^28 + x^23 + 1 which is
			*  primitive according to
			*   http://poincare.matf.bg.ac.rs/~ezivkovm/publications/primpol1.pdf
			* (the shift values are the polynomial values minus one
			* due to counting bits from 0 to 63). As the current
			* position is always the LSB, the polynomial only needs
			* to shift data in from the left without wrap.
			*/
			tmp ^= ((new >> 63) & 1);
			tmp ^= ((new >> 60) & 1);
			tmp ^= ((new >> 55) & 1);
			tmp ^= ((new >> 30) & 1);
			tmp ^= ((new >> 27) & 1);
			tmp ^= ((new >> 22) & 1);
			new <<= 1;
			new ^= tmp;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If the time stamp is stuck, do not finally insert the value into
	 * the entropy pool. Although this operation should not do any harm
	 * even when the time stamp has no entropy, SP800-90B requires that
	 * any conditioning operation (SP800-90B considers the LFSR to be a
	 * conditioning operation) to have an identical amount of input
	 * data according to section 3.1.5.
	 */
	if (!stuck)
		ec->data = new;
}

/**
 * Memory Access noise source -- this is a noise source based on variations in
 *				 memory access times
 *
 * This function performs memory accesses which will add to the timing
 * variations due to an unknown amount of CPU wait states that need to be
 * added when accessing memory. The memory size should be larger than the L1
 * caches as outlined in the documentation and the associated testing.
 *
 * The L1 cache has a very high bandwidth, albeit its access rate is  usually
 * slower than accessing CPU registers. Therefore, L1 accesses only add minimal
 * variations as the CPU has hardly to wait. Starting with L2, significant
 * variations are added because L2 typically does not belong to the CPU any more
 * and therefore a wider range of CPU wait states is necessary for accesses.
 * L3 and real memory accesses have even a wider range of wait states. However,
 * to reliably access either L3 or memory, the ec->mem memory must be quite
 * large which is usually not desirable.
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to the entropy collector with the memory access data -- if
 *	    the reference to the memory block to be accessed is NULL, this noise
 *	    source is disabled
 * @loop_cnt [in] if a value not equal to 0 is set, use the given value
 *		  number of loops to perform the LFSR
 */
static void jent_memaccess(struct rand_data *ec, __u64 loop_cnt)
{
	unsigned int wrap = 0;
	__u64 i = 0;
#define MAX_ACC_LOOP_BIT 7
#define MIN_ACC_LOOP_BIT 0
	__u64 acc_loop_cnt =
		jent_loop_shuffle(ec, MAX_ACC_LOOP_BIT, MIN_ACC_LOOP_BIT);

	if (NULL == ec || NULL == ec->mem)
		return;
	wrap = ec->memblocksize * ec->memblocks;

	/*
	 * testing purposes -- allow test app to set the counter, not
	 * needed during runtime
	 */
	if (loop_cnt)
		acc_loop_cnt = loop_cnt;

	for (i = 0; i < (ec->memaccessloops + acc_loop_cnt); i++) {
		unsigned char *tmpval = ec->mem + ec->memlocation;
		/*
		 * memory access: just add 1 to one byte,
		 * wrap at 255 -- memory access implies read
		 * from and write to memory location
		 */
		*tmpval = (*tmpval + 1) & 0xff;
		/*
		 * Addition of memblocksize - 1 to pointer
		 * with wrap around logic to ensure that every
		 * memory location is hit evenly
		 */
		ec->memlocation = ec->memlocation + ec->memblocksize - 1;
		ec->memlocation = ec->memlocation % wrap;
	}
}

/***************************************************************************
 * Start of entropy processing logic
 ***************************************************************************/
/**
 * This is the heart of the entropy generation: calculate time deltas and
 * use the CPU jitter in the time deltas. The jitter is injected into the
 * entropy pool.
 *
 * WARNING: ensure that ->prev_time is primed before using the output
 *	    of this function! This can be done by calling this function
 *	    and not using its result.
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 *
 * @return result of stuck test
 */
static int jent_measure_jitter(struct rand_data *ec)
{
	__u64 time = 0;
	__u64 current_delta = 0;
	int stuck;

	/* Invoke one noise source before time measurement to add variations */
	jent_memaccess(ec, 0);

	/*
	 * Get time stamp and calculate time delta to previous
	 * invocation to measure the timing variations
	 */
	jent_get_nstime(&time);
	current_delta = jent_delta(ec->prev_time, time);
	ec->prev_time = time;

	/* Check whether we have a stuck measurement. */
	stuck = jent_stuck(ec, current_delta);

	/* Now call the next noise sources which also injects the data */
	jent_lfsr_time(ec, current_delta, 0, stuck);

	return stuck;
}

/**
 * Generator of one 64 bit random number
 * Function fills rand_data->data
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 */
static void jent_gen_entropy(struct rand_data *ec)
{
	unsigned int k = 0;

	/* priming of the ->prev_time value */
	jent_measure_jitter(ec);

	while (1) {
		/* If a stuck measurement is received, repeat measurement */
		if (jent_measure_jitter(ec))
			continue;

		/*
		 * We multiply the loop value with ->osr to obtain the
		 * oversampling rate requested by the caller
		 */
		if (++k >= (DATA_SIZE_BITS * ec->osr))
			break;
	}
}

/**
 * Entry function: Obtain entropy for the caller.
 *
 * This function invokes the entropy gathering logic as often to generate
 * as many bytes as requested by the caller. The entropy gathering logic
 * creates 64 bit per invocation.
 *
 * This function truncates the last 64 bit entropy value output to the exact
 * size specified by the caller.
 *
 * @ec [in] Reference to entropy collector
 * @data [in] pointer to buffer for storing random data -- buffer must already
 *	      exist
 * @len [in] size of the buffer, specifying also the requested number of random
 *	     in bytes
 *
 * @return 0 when request is fulfilled or an error
 *
 * The following error codes can occur:
 *	-1	entropy_collector is NULL
 *	-2	RCT failed
 *	-3	APT test failed
 */
int jent_read_entropy(struct rand_data *ec, unsigned char *data,
		      unsigned int len)
{
	unsigned char *p = data;

	if (!ec)
		return -1;

	while (0 < len) {
		unsigned int tocopy;

		jent_gen_entropy(ec);

		if (jent_health_failure(ec)) {
			int ret;

			if (jent_rct_failure(ec))
				ret = -2;
			else
				ret = -3;

			/*
			 * Re-initialize the noise source
			 *
			 * If the health test fails, the Jitter RNG remains
			 * in failure state and will return a health failure
			 * during next invocation.
			 */
			if (jent_entropy_init())
				return ret;

			/* Set APT to initial state */
			jent_apt_reset(ec, 0);
			ec->apt_base_set = 0;

			/* Set RCT to initial state */
			ec->rct_count = 0;

			/* Re-enable Jitter RNG */
			ec->health_failure = 0;

			/*
			 * Return the health test failure status to the
			 * caller as the generated value is not appropriate.
			 */
			return ret;
		}

		if ((DATA_SIZE_BITS / 8) < len)
			tocopy = (DATA_SIZE_BITS / 8);
		else
			tocopy = len;
		jent_memcpy(p, &ec->data, tocopy);

		len -= tocopy;
		p += tocopy;
	}

	return 0;
}

/***************************************************************************
 * Initialization logic
 ***************************************************************************/

struct rand_data *jent_entropy_collector_alloc(unsigned int osr,
					       unsigned int flags)
{
	struct rand_data *entropy_collector;

	entropy_collector = jent_zalloc(sizeof(struct rand_data));
	if (!entropy_collector)
		return NULL;

	if (!(flags & JENT_DISABLE_MEMORY_ACCESS)) {
		/* Allocate memory for adding variations based on memory
		 * access
		 */
		entropy_collector->mem = jent_zalloc(JENT_MEMORY_SIZE);
		if (!entropy_collector->mem) {
			jent_zfree(entropy_collector);
			return NULL;
		}
		entropy_collector->memblocksize = JENT_MEMORY_BLOCKSIZE;
		entropy_collector->memblocks = JENT_MEMORY_BLOCKS;
		entropy_collector->memaccessloops = JENT_MEMORY_ACCESSLOOPS;
	}

	/* verify and set the oversampling rate */
	if (0 == osr)
		osr = 1; /* minimum sampling rate is 1 */
	entropy_collector->osr = osr;

	/* fill the data pad with non-zero values */
	jent_gen_entropy(entropy_collector);

	return entropy_collector;
}

void jent_entropy_collector_free(struct rand_data *entropy_collector)
{
	jent_zfree(entropy_collector->mem);
	entropy_collector->mem = NULL;
	jent_zfree(entropy_collector);
}

int jent_entropy_init(void)
{
	int i;
	__u64 delta_sum = 0;
	__u64 old_delta = 0;
	unsigned int nonstuck = 0;
	int time_backwards = 0;
	int count_mod = 0;
	int count_stuck = 0;
	struct rand_data ec = { 0 };

	/* Required for RCT */
	ec.osr = 1;

	/* We could perform statistical tests here, but the problem is
	 * that we only have a few loop counts to do testing. These
	 * loop counts may show some slight skew and we produce
	 * false positives.
	 *
	 * Moreover, only old systems show potentially problematic
	 * jitter entropy that could potentially be caught here. But
	 * the RNG is intended for hardware that is available or widely
	 * used, but not old systems that are long out of favor. Thus,
	 * no statistical tests.
	 */

	/*
	 * We could add a check for system capabilities such as clock_getres or
	 * check for CONFIG_X86_TSC, but it does not make much sense as the
	 * following sanity checks verify that we have a high-resolution
	 * timer.
	 */
	/*
	 * TESTLOOPCOUNT needs some loops to identify edge systems. 100 is
	 * definitely too little.
	 *
	 * SP800-90B requires at least 1024 initial test cycles.
	 */
#define TESTLOOPCOUNT 1024
#define CLEARCACHE 100
	for (i = 0; (TESTLOOPCOUNT + CLEARCACHE) > i; i++) {
		__u64 time = 0;
		__u64 time2 = 0;
		__u64 delta = 0;
		unsigned int lowdelta = 0;
		int stuck;

		/* Invoke core entropy collection logic */
		jent_get_nstime(&time);
		ec.prev_time = time;
		jent_lfsr_time(&ec, time, 0, 0);
		jent_get_nstime(&time2);

		/* test whether timer works */
		if (!time || !time2)
			return JENT_ENOTIME;
		delta = jent_delta(time, time2);
		/*
		 * test whether timer is fine grained enough to provide
		 * delta even when called shortly after each other -- this
		 * implies that we also have a high resolution timer
		 */
		if (!delta)
			return JENT_ECOARSETIME;

		stuck = jent_stuck(&ec, delta);

		/*
		 * up to here we did not modify any variable that will be
		 * evaluated later, but we already performed some work. Thus we
		 * already have had an impact on the caches, branch prediction,
		 * etc. with the goal to clear it to get the worst case
		 * measurements.
		 */
		if (CLEARCACHE > i)
			continue;

		if (stuck)
			count_stuck++;
		else {
			nonstuck++;

			/*
			 * Ensure that the APT succeeded.
			 *
			 * With the check below that count_stuck must be less
			 * than 10% of the overall generated raw entropy values
			 * it is guaranteed that the APT is invoked at
			 * floor((TESTLOOPCOUNT * 0.9) / 64) == 14 times.
			 */
			if ((nonstuck % JENT_APT_WINDOW_SIZE) == 0) {
				jent_apt_reset(&ec,
					       delta & JENT_APT_WORD_MASK);
				if (jent_health_failure(&ec))
					return JENT_EHEALTH;
			}
		}

		/* Validate RCT */
		if (jent_rct_failure(&ec))
			return JENT_ERCT;

		/* test whether we have an increasing timer */
		if (!(time2 > time))
			time_backwards++;

		/* use 32 bit value to ensure compilation on 32 bit arches */
		lowdelta = time2 - time;
		if (!(lowdelta % 100))
			count_mod++;

		/*
		 * ensure that we have a varying delta timer which is necessary
		 * for the calculation of entropy -- perform this check
		 * only after the first loop is executed as we need to prime
		 * the old_data value
		 */
		if (delta > old_delta)
			delta_sum += (delta - old_delta);
		else
			delta_sum += (old_delta - delta);
		old_delta = delta;
	}

	/*
	 * we allow up to three times the time running backwards.
	 * CLOCK_REALTIME is affected by adjtime and NTP operations. Thus,
	 * if such an operation just happens to interfere with our test, it
	 * should not fail. The value of 3 should cover the NTP case being
	 * performed during our test run.
	 */
	if (3 < time_backwards)
		return JENT_ENOMONOTONIC;

	/*
	 * Variations of deltas of time must on average be larger
	 * than 1 to ensure the entropy estimation
	 * implied with 1 is preserved
	 */
	if ((delta_sum) <= 1)
		return JENT_EVARVAR;

	/*
	 * Ensure that we have variations in the time stamp below 10 for at
	 * least 10% of all checks -- on some platforms, the counter increments
	 * in multiples of 100, but not always
	 */
	if ((TESTLOOPCOUNT/10 * 9) < count_mod)
		return JENT_ECOARSETIME;

	/*
	 * If we have more than 90% stuck results, then this Jitter RNG is
	 * likely to not work well.
	 */
	if ((TESTLOOPCOUNT/10 * 9) < count_stuck)
		return JENT_ESTUCK;

	return 0;
}