aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/fs/jbd2/commit.c
blob: 3c1c31321d9bdde030191cae31cadd9856d597fe (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
/*
 * linux/fs/jbd2/commit.c
 *
 * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1998
 *
 * Copyright 1998 Red Hat corp --- All Rights Reserved
 *
 * This file is part of the Linux kernel and is made available under
 * the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, or at your
 * option, any later version, incorporated herein by reference.
 *
 * Journal commit routines for the generic filesystem journaling code;
 * part of the ext2fs journaling system.
 */

#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/jbd2.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/crc32.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <trace/events/jbd2.h>

/*
 * IO end handler for temporary buffer_heads handling writes to the journal.
 */
static void journal_end_buffer_io_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate)
{
	struct buffer_head *orig_bh = bh->b_private;

	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "");
	if (uptodate)
		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
	else
		clear_buffer_uptodate(bh);
	if (orig_bh) {
		clear_bit_unlock(BH_Shadow, &orig_bh->b_state);
		smp_mb__after_atomic();
		wake_up_bit(&orig_bh->b_state, BH_Shadow);
	}
	unlock_buffer(bh);
}

/*
 * When an ext4 file is truncated, it is possible that some pages are not
 * successfully freed, because they are attached to a committing transaction.
 * After the transaction commits, these pages are left on the LRU, with no
 * ->mapping, and with attached buffers.  These pages are trivially reclaimable
 * by the VM, but their apparent absence upsets the VM accounting, and it makes
 * the numbers in /proc/meminfo look odd.
 *
 * So here, we have a buffer which has just come off the forget list.  Look to
 * see if we can strip all buffers from the backing page.
 *
 * Called under lock_journal(), and possibly under journal_datalist_lock.  The
 * caller provided us with a ref against the buffer, and we drop that here.
 */
static void release_buffer_page(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
	struct page *page;

	if (buffer_dirty(bh))
		goto nope;
	if (atomic_read(&bh->b_count) != 1)
		goto nope;
	page = bh->b_page;
	if (!page)
		goto nope;
	if (page->mapping)
		goto nope;

	/* OK, it's a truncated page */
	if (!trylock_page(page))
		goto nope;

	get_page(page);
	__brelse(bh);
	try_to_free_buffers(page);
	unlock_page(page);
	put_page(page);
	return;

nope:
	__brelse(bh);
}

static void jbd2_commit_block_csum_set(journal_t *j, struct buffer_head *bh)
{
	struct commit_header *h;
	__u32 csum;

	if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
		return;

	h = (struct commit_header *)(bh->b_data);
	h->h_chksum_type = 0;
	h->h_chksum_size = 0;
	h->h_chksum[0] = 0;
	csum = jbd2_chksum(j, j->j_csum_seed, bh->b_data, j->j_blocksize);
	h->h_chksum[0] = cpu_to_be32(csum);
}

/*
 * Done it all: now submit the commit record.  We should have
 * cleaned up our previous buffers by now, so if we are in abort
 * mode we can now just skip the rest of the journal write
 * entirely.
 *
 * Returns 1 if the journal needs to be aborted or 0 on success
 */
static int journal_submit_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
					transaction_t *commit_transaction,
					struct buffer_head **cbh,
					__u32 crc32_sum)
{
	struct commit_header *tmp;
	struct buffer_head *bh;
	int ret;
	struct timespec64 now = current_kernel_time64();

	*cbh = NULL;

	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
		return 0;

	bh = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(commit_transaction,
						JBD2_COMMIT_BLOCK);
	if (!bh)
		return 1;

	tmp = (struct commit_header *)bh->b_data;
	tmp->h_commit_sec = cpu_to_be64(now.tv_sec);
	tmp->h_commit_nsec = cpu_to_be32(now.tv_nsec);

	if (jbd2_has_feature_checksum(journal)) {
		tmp->h_chksum_type 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM;
		tmp->h_chksum_size 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM_SIZE;
		tmp->h_chksum[0] 	= cpu_to_be32(crc32_sum);
	}
	jbd2_commit_block_csum_set(journal, bh);

	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "submit commit block");
	lock_buffer(bh);
	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
	bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;

	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER &&
	    !jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal))
		ret = submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE,
			REQ_SYNC | REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA, bh);
	else
		ret = submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_SYNC, bh);

	*cbh = bh;
	return ret;
}

/*
 * This function along with journal_submit_commit_record
 * allows to write the commit record asynchronously.
 */
static int journal_wait_on_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
					 struct buffer_head *bh)
{
	int ret = 0;

	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
	wait_on_buffer(bh);

	if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
		ret = -EIO;
	put_bh(bh);            /* One for getblk() */

	return ret;
}

/*
 * write the filemap data using writepage() address_space_operations.
 * We don't do block allocation here even for delalloc. We don't
 * use writepages() because with dealyed allocation we may be doing
 * block allocation in writepages().
 */
static int journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(struct address_space *mapping)
{
	int ret;
	struct writeback_control wbc = {
		.sync_mode =  WB_SYNC_ALL,
		.nr_to_write = mapping->nrpages * 2,
		.range_start = 0,
		.range_end = i_size_read(mapping->host),
	};

	ret = generic_writepages(mapping, &wbc);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Submit all the data buffers of inode associated with the transaction to
 * disk.
 *
 * We are in a committing transaction. Therefore no new inode can be added to
 * our inode list. We use JI_COMMIT_RUNNING flag to protect inode we currently
 * operate on from being released while we write out pages.
 */
static int journal_submit_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
{
	struct jbd2_inode *jinode;
	int err, ret = 0;
	struct address_space *mapping;

	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
		if (!(jinode->i_flags & JI_WRITE_DATA))
			continue;
		mapping = jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping;
		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		/*
		 * submit the inode data buffers. We use writepage
		 * instead of writepages. Because writepages can do
		 * block allocation  with delalloc. We need to write
		 * only allocated blocks here.
		 */
		trace_jbd2_submit_inode_data(jinode->i_vfs_inode);
		err = journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(mapping);
		if (!ret)
			ret = err;
		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		J_ASSERT(jinode->i_transaction == commit_transaction);
		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
		smp_mb();
		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
	}
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Wait for data submitted for writeout, refile inodes to proper
 * transaction if needed.
 *
 */
static int journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
{
	struct jbd2_inode *jinode, *next_i;
	int err, ret = 0;

	/* For locking, see the comment in journal_submit_data_buffers() */
	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
		if (!(jinode->i_flags & JI_WAIT_DATA))
			continue;
		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		err = filemap_fdatawait_keep_errors(
				jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping);
		if (!ret)
			ret = err;
		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
		smp_mb();
		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
	}

	/* Now refile inode to proper lists */
	list_for_each_entry_safe(jinode, next_i,
				 &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
		list_del(&jinode->i_list);
		if (jinode->i_next_transaction) {
			jinode->i_transaction = jinode->i_next_transaction;
			jinode->i_next_transaction = NULL;
			list_add(&jinode->i_list,
				&jinode->i_transaction->t_inode_list);
		} else {
			jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
		}
	}
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);

	return ret;
}

static __u32 jbd2_checksum_data(__u32 crc32_sum, struct buffer_head *bh)
{
	struct page *page = bh->b_page;
	char *addr;
	__u32 checksum;

	addr = kmap_atomic(page);
	checksum = crc32_be(crc32_sum,
		(void *)(addr + offset_in_page(bh->b_data)), bh->b_size);
	kunmap_atomic(addr);

	return checksum;
}

static void write_tag_block(journal_t *j, journal_block_tag_t *tag,
				   unsigned long long block)
{
	tag->t_blocknr = cpu_to_be32(block & (u32)~0);
	if (jbd2_has_feature_64bit(j))
		tag->t_blocknr_high = cpu_to_be32((block >> 31) >> 1);
}

static void jbd2_block_tag_csum_set(journal_t *j, journal_block_tag_t *tag,
				    struct buffer_head *bh, __u32 sequence)
{
	journal_block_tag3_t *tag3 = (journal_block_tag3_t *)tag;
	struct page *page = bh->b_page;
	__u8 *addr;
	__u32 csum32;
	__be32 seq;

	if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
		return;

	seq = cpu_to_be32(sequence);
	addr = kmap_atomic(page);
	csum32 = jbd2_chksum(j, j->j_csum_seed, (__u8 *)&seq, sizeof(seq));
	csum32 = jbd2_chksum(j, csum32, addr + offset_in_page(bh->b_data),
			     bh->b_size);
	kunmap_atomic(addr);

	if (jbd2_has_feature_csum3(j))
		tag3->t_checksum = cpu_to_be32(csum32);
	else
		tag->t_checksum = cpu_to_be16(csum32);
}
/*
 * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction
 *
 * The primary function for committing a transaction to the log.  This
 * function is called by the journal thread to begin a complete commit.
 */
void jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal_t *journal)
{
	struct transaction_stats_s stats;
	transaction_t *commit_transaction;
	struct journal_head *jh;
	struct buffer_head *descriptor;
	struct buffer_head **wbuf = journal->j_wbuf;
	int bufs;
	int flags;
	int err;
	unsigned long long blocknr;
	ktime_t start_time;
	u64 commit_time;
	char *tagp = NULL;
	journal_block_tag_t *tag = NULL;
	int space_left = 0;
	int first_tag = 0;
	int tag_flag;
	int i;
	int tag_bytes = journal_tag_bytes(journal);
	struct buffer_head *cbh = NULL; /* For transactional checksums */
	__u32 crc32_sum = ~0;
	struct blk_plug plug;
	/* Tail of the journal */
	unsigned long first_block;
	tid_t first_tid;
	int update_tail;
	int csum_size = 0;
	LIST_HEAD(io_bufs);
	LIST_HEAD(log_bufs);

	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(journal))
		csum_size = sizeof(struct jbd2_journal_block_tail);

	/*
	 * First job: lock down the current transaction and wait for
	 * all outstanding updates to complete.
	 */

	/* Do we need to erase the effects of a prior jbd2_journal_flush? */
	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_FLUSHED) {
		jbd_debug(3, "super block updated\n");
		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
		/*
		 * We hold j_checkpoint_mutex so tail cannot change under us.
		 * We don't need any special data guarantees for writing sb
		 * since journal is empty and it is ok for write to be
		 * flushed only with transaction commit.
		 */
		jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal,
						journal->j_tail_sequence,
						journal->j_tail,
						REQ_SYNC);
		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
	} else {
		jbd_debug(3, "superblock not updated\n");
	}

	J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction != NULL);
	J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction == NULL);

	commit_transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;

	trace_jbd2_start_commit(journal, commit_transaction);
	jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: starting commit of transaction %d\n",
			commit_transaction->t_tid);

	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_RUNNING);
	commit_transaction->t_state = T_LOCKED;

	trace_jbd2_commit_locking(journal, commit_transaction);
	stats.run.rs_wait = commit_transaction->t_max_wait;
	stats.run.rs_request_delay = 0;
	stats.run.rs_locked = jiffies;
	if (commit_transaction->t_requested)
		stats.run.rs_request_delay =
			jbd2_time_diff(commit_transaction->t_requested,
				       stats.run.rs_locked);
	stats.run.rs_running = jbd2_time_diff(commit_transaction->t_start,
					      stats.run.rs_locked);

	spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
	while (atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_updates)) {
		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

		prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait,
					TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
		if (atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_updates)) {
			spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
			write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
			schedule();
			write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
			spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
		}
		finish_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait);
	}
	spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);

	J_ASSERT (atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits) <=
			journal->j_max_transaction_buffers);

	/*
	 * First thing we are allowed to do is to discard any remaining
	 * BJ_Reserved buffers.  Note, it is _not_ permissible to assume
	 * that there are no such buffers: if a large filesystem
	 * operation like a truncate needs to split itself over multiple
	 * transactions, then it may try to do a jbd2_journal_restart() while
	 * there are still BJ_Reserved buffers outstanding.  These must
	 * be released cleanly from the current transaction.
	 *
	 * In this case, the filesystem must still reserve write access
	 * again before modifying the buffer in the new transaction, but
	 * we do not require it to remember exactly which old buffers it
	 * has reserved.  This is consistent with the existing behaviour
	 * that multiple jbd2_journal_get_write_access() calls to the same
	 * buffer are perfectly permissible.
	 */
	while (commit_transaction->t_reserved_list) {
		jh = commit_transaction->t_reserved_list;
		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "reserved, unused: refile");
		/*
		 * A jbd2_journal_get_undo_access()+jbd2_journal_release_buffer() may
		 * leave undo-committed data.
		 */
		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
			struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);

			jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
			jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
		}
		jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
	}

	/*
	 * Now try to drop any written-back buffers from the journal's
	 * checkpoint lists.  We do this *before* commit because it potentially
	 * frees some memory
	 */
	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	__jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal, false);
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 1\n");

	/*
	 * Clear revoked flag to reflect there is no revoked buffers
	 * in the next transaction which is going to be started.
	 */
	jbd2_clear_buffer_revoked_flags(journal);

	/*
	 * Switch to a new revoke table.
	 */
	jbd2_journal_switch_revoke_table(journal);

	/*
	 * Reserved credits cannot be claimed anymore, free them
	 */
	atomic_sub(atomic_read(&journal->j_reserved_credits),
		   &commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);

	trace_jbd2_commit_flushing(journal, commit_transaction);
	stats.run.rs_flushing = jiffies;
	stats.run.rs_locked = jbd2_time_diff(stats.run.rs_locked,
					     stats.run.rs_flushing);

	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FLUSH;
	journal->j_committing_transaction = commit_transaction;
	journal->j_running_transaction = NULL;
	start_time = ktime_get();
	commit_transaction->t_log_start = journal->j_head;
	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_transaction_locked);
	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 2a\n");

	/*
	 * Now start flushing things to disk, in the order they appear
	 * on the transaction lists.  Data blocks go first.
	 */
	err = journal_submit_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
	if (err)
		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);

	blk_start_plug(&plug);
	jbd2_journal_write_revoke_records(commit_transaction, &log_bufs);

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 2b\n");

	/*
	 * Way to go: we have now written out all of the data for a
	 * transaction!  Now comes the tricky part: we need to write out
	 * metadata.  Loop over the transaction's entire buffer list:
	 */
	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT;
	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

	trace_jbd2_commit_logging(journal, commit_transaction);
	stats.run.rs_logging = jiffies;
	stats.run.rs_flushing = jbd2_time_diff(stats.run.rs_flushing,
					       stats.run.rs_logging);
	stats.run.rs_blocks =
		atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
	stats.run.rs_blocks_logged = 0;

	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_nr_buffers <=
		 atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits));

	err = 0;
	bufs = 0;
	descriptor = NULL;
	while (commit_transaction->t_buffers) {

		/* Find the next buffer to be journaled... */

		jh = commit_transaction->t_buffers;

		/* If we're in abort mode, we just un-journal the buffer and
		   release it. */

		if (is_journal_aborted(journal)) {
			clear_buffer_jbddirty(jh2bh(jh));
			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "journal is aborting: refile");
			jbd2_buffer_abort_trigger(jh,
						  jh->b_frozen_data ?
						  jh->b_frozen_triggers :
						  jh->b_triggers);
			jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
			/* If that was the last one, we need to clean up
			 * any descriptor buffers which may have been
			 * already allocated, even if we are now
			 * aborting. */
			if (!commit_transaction->t_buffers)
				goto start_journal_io;
			continue;
		}

		/* Make sure we have a descriptor block in which to
		   record the metadata buffer. */

		if (!descriptor) {
			J_ASSERT (bufs == 0);

			jbd_debug(4, "JBD2: get descriptor\n");

			descriptor = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(
							commit_transaction,
							JBD2_DESCRIPTOR_BLOCK);
			if (!descriptor) {
				jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
				continue;
			}

			jbd_debug(4, "JBD2: got buffer %llu (%p)\n",
				(unsigned long long)descriptor->b_blocknr,
				descriptor->b_data);
			tagp = &descriptor->b_data[sizeof(journal_header_t)];
			space_left = descriptor->b_size -
						sizeof(journal_header_t);
			first_tag = 1;
			set_buffer_jwrite(descriptor);
			set_buffer_dirty(descriptor);
			wbuf[bufs++] = descriptor;

			/* Record it so that we can wait for IO
                           completion later */
			BUFFER_TRACE(descriptor, "ph3: file as descriptor");
			jbd2_file_log_bh(&log_bufs, descriptor);
		}

		/* Where is the buffer to be written? */

		err = jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal, &blocknr);
		/* If the block mapping failed, just abandon the buffer
		   and repeat this loop: we'll fall into the
		   refile-on-abort condition above. */
		if (err) {
			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * start_this_handle() uses t_outstanding_credits to determine
		 * the free space in the log, but this counter is changed
		 * by jbd2_journal_next_log_block() also.
		 */
		atomic_dec(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);

		/* Bump b_count to prevent truncate from stumbling over
                   the shadowed buffer!  @@@ This can go if we ever get
                   rid of the shadow pairing of buffers. */
		atomic_inc(&jh2bh(jh)->b_count);

		/*
		 * Make a temporary IO buffer with which to write it out
		 * (this will requeue the metadata buffer to BJ_Shadow).
		 */
		set_bit(BH_JWrite, &jh2bh(jh)->b_state);
		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "ph3: write metadata");
		flags = jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer(commit_transaction,
						jh, &wbuf[bufs], blocknr);
		if (flags < 0) {
			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, flags);
			continue;
		}
		jbd2_file_log_bh(&io_bufs, wbuf[bufs]);

		/* Record the new block's tag in the current descriptor
                   buffer */

		tag_flag = 0;
		if (flags & 1)
			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_ESCAPE;
		if (!first_tag)
			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_SAME_UUID;

		tag = (journal_block_tag_t *) tagp;
		write_tag_block(journal, tag, jh2bh(jh)->b_blocknr);
		tag->t_flags = cpu_to_be16(tag_flag);
		jbd2_block_tag_csum_set(journal, tag, wbuf[bufs],
					commit_transaction->t_tid);
		tagp += tag_bytes;
		space_left -= tag_bytes;
		bufs++;

		if (first_tag) {
			memcpy (tagp, journal->j_uuid, 16);
			tagp += 16;
			space_left -= 16;
			first_tag = 0;
		}

		/* If there's no more to do, or if the descriptor is full,
		   let the IO rip! */

		if (bufs == journal->j_wbufsize ||
		    commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL ||
		    space_left < tag_bytes + 16 + csum_size) {

			jbd_debug(4, "JBD2: Submit %d IOs\n", bufs);

			/* Write an end-of-descriptor marker before
                           submitting the IOs.  "tag" still points to
                           the last tag we set up. */

			tag->t_flags |= cpu_to_be16(JBD2_FLAG_LAST_TAG);

			jbd2_descriptor_block_csum_set(journal, descriptor);
start_journal_io:
			for (i = 0; i < bufs; i++) {
				struct buffer_head *bh = wbuf[i];
				/*
				 * Compute checksum.
				 */
				if (jbd2_has_feature_checksum(journal)) {
					crc32_sum =
					    jbd2_checksum_data(crc32_sum, bh);
				}

				lock_buffer(bh);
				clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
				bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
				submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_SYNC, bh);
			}
			cond_resched();
			stats.run.rs_blocks_logged += bufs;

			/* Force a new descriptor to be generated next
                           time round the loop. */
			descriptor = NULL;
			bufs = 0;
		}
	}

	err = journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
	if (err) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING
			"JBD2: Detected IO errors while flushing file data "
		       "on %s\n", journal->j_devname);
		if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT_ON_SYNCDATA_ERR)
			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
		err = 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Get current oldest transaction in the log before we issue flush
	 * to the filesystem device. After the flush we can be sure that
	 * blocks of all older transactions are checkpointed to persistent
	 * storage and we will be safe to update journal start in the
	 * superblock with the numbers we get here.
	 */
	update_tail =
		jbd2_journal_get_log_tail(journal, &first_tid, &first_block);

	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	if (update_tail) {
		long freed = first_block - journal->j_tail;

		if (first_block < journal->j_tail)
			freed += journal->j_last - journal->j_first;
		/* Update tail only if we free significant amount of space */
		if (freed < journal->j_maxlen / 4)
			update_tail = 0;
	}
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT);
	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT_DFLUSH;
	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

	/* 
	 * If the journal is not located on the file system device,
	 * then we must flush the file system device before we issue
	 * the commit record
	 */
	if (commit_transaction->t_need_data_flush &&
	    (journal->j_fs_dev != journal->j_dev) &&
	    (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER))
		blkdev_issue_flush(journal->j_fs_dev, GFP_NOFS, NULL);

	/* Done it all: now write the commit record asynchronously. */
	if (jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal)) {
		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
						 &cbh, crc32_sum);
		if (err)
			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
	}

	blk_finish_plug(&plug);

	/* Lo and behold: we have just managed to send a transaction to
           the log.  Before we can commit it, wait for the IO so far to
           complete.  Control buffers being written are on the
           transaction's t_log_list queue, and metadata buffers are on
           the io_bufs list.

	   Wait for the buffers in reverse order.  That way we are
	   less likely to be woken up until all IOs have completed, and
	   so we incur less scheduling load.
	*/

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 3\n");

	while (!list_empty(&io_bufs)) {
		struct buffer_head *bh = list_entry(io_bufs.prev,
						    struct buffer_head,
						    b_assoc_buffers);

		wait_on_buffer(bh);
		cond_resched();

		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
			err = -EIO;
		jbd2_unfile_log_bh(bh);

		/*
		 * The list contains temporary buffer heads created by
		 * jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer().
		 */
		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "dumping temporary bh");
		__brelse(bh);
		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, atomic_read(&bh->b_count) == 0);
		free_buffer_head(bh);

		/* We also have to refile the corresponding shadowed buffer */
		jh = commit_transaction->t_shadow_list->b_tprev;
		bh = jh2bh(jh);
		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_jbddirty(bh));
		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_shadow(bh));

		/* The metadata is now released for reuse, but we need
                   to remember it against this transaction so that when
                   we finally commit, we can do any checkpointing
                   required. */
		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "file as BJ_Forget");
		jbd2_journal_file_buffer(jh, commit_transaction, BJ_Forget);
		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "brelse shadowed buffer");
		__brelse(bh);
	}

	J_ASSERT (commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 4\n");

	/* Here we wait for the revoke record and descriptor record buffers */
	while (!list_empty(&log_bufs)) {
		struct buffer_head *bh;

		bh = list_entry(log_bufs.prev, struct buffer_head, b_assoc_buffers);
		wait_on_buffer(bh);
		cond_resched();

		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
			err = -EIO;

		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "ph5: control buffer writeout done: unfile");
		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
		jbd2_unfile_log_bh(bh);
		__brelse(bh);		/* One for getblk */
		/* AKPM: bforget here */
	}

	if (err)
		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 5\n");
	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT_DFLUSH);
	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT_JFLUSH;
	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

	if (!jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal)) {
		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
						&cbh, crc32_sum);
		if (err)
			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
	}
	if (cbh)
		err = journal_wait_on_commit_record(journal, cbh);
	if (jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal) &&
	    journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER) {
		blkdev_issue_flush(journal->j_dev, GFP_NOFS, NULL);
	}

	if (err)
		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);

	/*
	 * Now disk caches for filesystem device are flushed so we are safe to
	 * erase checkpointed transactions from the log by updating journal
	 * superblock.
	 */
	if (update_tail)
		jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, first_tid, first_block);

	/* End of a transaction!  Finally, we can do checkpoint
           processing: any buffers committed as a result of this
           transaction can be removed from any checkpoint list it was on
           before. */

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 6\n");

	J_ASSERT(list_empty(&commit_transaction->t_inode_list));
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL);
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL);
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);

restart_loop:
	/*
	 * As there are other places (journal_unmap_buffer()) adding buffers
	 * to this list we have to be careful and hold the j_list_lock.
	 */
	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	while (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
		transaction_t *cp_transaction;
		struct buffer_head *bh;
		int try_to_free = 0;

		jh = commit_transaction->t_forget;
		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		bh = jh2bh(jh);
		/*
		 * Get a reference so that bh cannot be freed before we are
		 * done with it.
		 */
		get_bh(bh);
		jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
		J_ASSERT_JH(jh,	jh->b_transaction == commit_transaction);

		/*
		 * If there is undo-protected committed data against
		 * this buffer, then we can remove it now.  If it is a
		 * buffer needing such protection, the old frozen_data
		 * field now points to a committed version of the
		 * buffer, so rotate that field to the new committed
		 * data.
		 *
		 * Otherwise, we can just throw away the frozen data now.
		 *
		 * We also know that the frozen data has already fired
		 * its triggers if they exist, so we can clear that too.
		 */
		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
			if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
				jh->b_committed_data = jh->b_frozen_data;
				jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
				jh->b_frozen_triggers = NULL;
			}
		} else if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
			jbd2_free(jh->b_frozen_data, bh->b_size);
			jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
			jh->b_frozen_triggers = NULL;
		}

		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		cp_transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
		if (cp_transaction) {
			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "remove from old cp transaction");
			cp_transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_dropped++;
			__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh);
		}

		/* Only re-checkpoint the buffer_head if it is marked
		 * dirty.  If the buffer was added to the BJ_Forget list
		 * by jbd2_journal_forget, it may no longer be dirty and
		 * there's no point in keeping a checkpoint record for
		 * it. */

		/*
		* A buffer which has been freed while still being journaled by
		* a previous transaction.
		*/
		if (buffer_freed(bh)) {
			/*
			 * If the running transaction is the one containing
			 * "add to orphan" operation (b_next_transaction !=
			 * NULL), we have to wait for that transaction to
			 * commit before we can really get rid of the buffer.
			 * So just clear b_modified to not confuse transaction
			 * credit accounting and refile the buffer to
			 * BJ_Forget of the running transaction. If the just
			 * committed transaction contains "add to orphan"
			 * operation, we can completely invalidate the buffer
			 * now. We are rather through in that since the
			 * buffer may be still accessible when blocksize <
			 * pagesize and it is attached to the last partial
			 * page.
			 */
			jh->b_modified = 0;
			if (!jh->b_next_transaction) {
				clear_buffer_freed(bh);
				clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
				clear_buffer_mapped(bh);
				clear_buffer_new(bh);
				clear_buffer_req(bh);
				bh->b_bdev = NULL;
			}
		}

		if (buffer_jbddirty(bh)) {
			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "add to new checkpointing trans");
			__jbd2_journal_insert_checkpoint(jh, commit_transaction);
			if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
				clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
		} else {
			J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_dirty(bh));
			/*
			 * The buffer on BJ_Forget list and not jbddirty means
			 * it has been freed by this transaction and hence it
			 * could not have been reallocated until this
			 * transaction has committed. *BUT* it could be
			 * reallocated once we have written all the data to
			 * disk and before we process the buffer on BJ_Forget
			 * list.
			 */
			if (!jh->b_next_transaction)
				try_to_free = 1;
		}
		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "refile or unfile buffer");
		__jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(jh);
		jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
		if (try_to_free)
			release_buffer_page(bh);	/* Drops bh reference */
		else
			__brelse(bh);
		cond_resched_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	}
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	/*
	 * This is a bit sleazy.  We use j_list_lock to protect transition
	 * of a transaction into T_FINISHED state and calling
	 * __jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(). Otherwise we could race with
	 * other checkpointing code processing the transaction...
	 */
	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	/*
	 * Now recheck if some buffers did not get attached to the transaction
	 * while the lock was dropped...
	 */
	if (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
		goto restart_loop;
	}

	/* Add the transaction to the checkpoint list
	 * __journal_remove_checkpoint() can not destroy transaction
	 * under us because it is not marked as T_FINISHED yet */
	if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == NULL) {
		journal->j_checkpoint_transactions = commit_transaction;
		commit_transaction->t_cpnext = commit_transaction;
		commit_transaction->t_cpprev = commit_transaction;
	} else {
		commit_transaction->t_cpnext =
			journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
		commit_transaction->t_cpprev =
			commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev;
		commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev =
			commit_transaction;
		commit_transaction->t_cpprev->t_cpnext =
				commit_transaction;
	}
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);

	/* Done with this transaction! */

	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 7\n");

	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT_JFLUSH);

	commit_transaction->t_start = jiffies;
	stats.run.rs_logging = jbd2_time_diff(stats.run.rs_logging,
					      commit_transaction->t_start);

	/*
	 * File the transaction statistics
	 */
	stats.ts_tid = commit_transaction->t_tid;
	stats.run.rs_handle_count =
		atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_handle_count);
	trace_jbd2_run_stats(journal->j_fs_dev->bd_dev,
			     commit_transaction->t_tid, &stats.run);
	stats.ts_requested = (commit_transaction->t_requested) ? 1 : 0;

	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT_CALLBACK;
	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction == journal->j_committing_transaction);
	journal->j_commit_sequence = commit_transaction->t_tid;
	journal->j_committing_transaction = NULL;
	commit_time = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(ktime_get(), start_time));

	/*
	 * weight the commit time higher than the average time so we don't
	 * react too strongly to vast changes in the commit time
	 */
	if (likely(journal->j_average_commit_time))
		journal->j_average_commit_time = (commit_time +
				journal->j_average_commit_time*3) / 4;
	else
		journal->j_average_commit_time = commit_time;

	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

	if (journal->j_commit_callback)
		journal->j_commit_callback(journal, commit_transaction);

	trace_jbd2_end_commit(journal, commit_transaction);
	jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: commit %d complete, head %d\n",
		  journal->j_commit_sequence, journal->j_tail_sequence);

	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FINISHED;
	/* Check if the transaction can be dropped now that we are finished */
	if (commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL &&
	    commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == NULL) {
		__jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(journal, commit_transaction);
		jbd2_journal_free_transaction(commit_transaction);
	}
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);

	/*
	 * Calculate overall stats
	 */
	spin_lock(&journal->j_history_lock);
	journal->j_stats.ts_tid++;
	journal->j_stats.ts_requested += stats.ts_requested;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_wait += stats.run.rs_wait;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_request_delay += stats.run.rs_request_delay;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_running += stats.run.rs_running;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_locked += stats.run.rs_locked;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_flushing += stats.run.rs_flushing;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_logging += stats.run.rs_logging;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_handle_count += stats.run.rs_handle_count;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_blocks += stats.run.rs_blocks;
	journal->j_stats.run.rs_blocks_logged += stats.run.rs_blocks_logged;
	spin_unlock(&journal->j_history_lock);
}